用户007 – China Baowu Group- whatsapp: +8613256761911 https://baowusteelcompany.com To Be A Leader in Global Steel Industry Tue, 06 Dec 2022 05:55:18 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://baowusteelcompany.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/cropped-china-baowu-steel-group-ico-32-32x32.png 用户007 – China Baowu Group- whatsapp: +8613256761911 https://baowusteelcompany.com 32 32 Differences Between 6082 and 7075 Aluminium- whatsapp: +8613256761911 https://baowusteelcompany.com/7075-aluminium.html https://baowusteelcompany.com/7075-aluminium.html#respond Fri, 05 Aug 2022 10:28:39 +0000 https://baowusteelcompany.com/?p=14578
7075 Aluminium 1

What are the Differences Between 6082 and 7075 Aluminium?​

When it comes to structural metal fabrication, perhaps only one metal gets anywhere near the attention given to steel, and that is aluminium. It’s roughly a third of the weight of steel while still having exceptional mechanical properties. However, not all aluminium grades are created equal, so it is critical to understand the differences among aluminium alloy grades during the material selection process. Two of the most popular aluminium alloy grades for structural applications are 6082 and 7075. While similar in some ways, there are also large differences worth noting.

What are the Differences Between 6082 and 7075 Aluminium?​

The main differences between 6082 and 7075 aluminium are the following attributes:

Alloy Series & Chemical Composition
Mechanical Properties
Fabrication Considerations
Applications

7075 Aluminium

Alloy Series and Chemical Composition

  1. Perhaps the most apparent difference between 6082 and 7075 is found just by looking at their number designations. It is in the 6XXX series of aluminium alloy grades and 7075 is in the 7XXX series. Knowing the general properties of the aluminium alloys in the 6XXX and 7XXX series, without even digging into their individual material data sheets, one can understand that there is several important differences in terms of chemical composition.
  2. The 6XXX series are aluminium grades alloyed with magnesium and silicon. The 7XXX series are aluminium grades that have been alloyed with zinc and magnesium. Therefore, it can be determined that it will have a higher amount of silicon, and that 7075 will have a much higher amount of zinc. When looking at the exact ranges of chemical compositions between the two alloys, 7075 also has greater additions of copper in its chemical makeup.

Mechanical Properties​

Both 6082 and 7075 are heat-treatable, therefore, in order to make a direct comparison of the two, they must be evaluated under the same type of heat treatment. When looking at both alloys in the -T6 condition (meaning solution heat-treated then artificially aged), several noticeable differences are observed. First off is that the tensile strength of 7075-T6 is nearly double that of 6082-T6. The shear strength of 7075-T6 is roughly 1.5 times that of 6082-T6. 6082-T6 is quite soft when compared with 7075-T6 as well.

Fabrication Considerations​

  1. It is, in general, more easily fabricated than 7075. Its lower strength, lower hardness, and somewhat higher ductility are the reasons for this. The lower hardness of it allows it to be turned, milled, drilled, and machined in other ways more easily than 7075. The lower tensile strength means that 6082-T6 is easier to form than 7075.
  2. While both materials can be joined by soldering, brazing or adhesives, it is weldable and 7075 is generally considered not weldable. Even though it is considered weldable, care must be taken to select the proper weld filler metal. Post-weld heat treatment and aging may be required to get the weld area back to the original “-T” designation. 7075 is extremely prone to cracking following welding.

Applications​ of 7075 Aluminium

  1. There is much application overlap between the 6082 and 7075s aluminium alloys. As previously mentioned, both are structural grades of aluminium. Both are used for bike parts, aerospace components, and building construction.
  2. They differ in these areas on how they are used though. For instance, in the aerospace industry, 7075s may be more likely to be used as a gear or rod, and it may be more likely to be implemented in an area that requires more ductility. With bike parts, some riders prefer the increased strength that comes with the 7075 aluminium alloy. 7075 is more likely to be used for molds and industrial tooling than 6082. Since it is more formable than 7075, it is used more often for tanks as well as other shapes with rounded contouring.
]]> https://baowusteelcompany.com/7075-aluminium.html/feed 0 Things To Consider When Choosing A Tool Steel Grade- whatsapp: +8613256761911 https://baowusteelcompany.com/tool-steel.html https://baowusteelcompany.com/tool-steel.html#respond Thu, 04 Aug 2022 07:41:52 +0000 https://baowusteelcompany.com/?p=14510
Tool Steel

7 Things To Consider When Choosing A Tool Steel Grade

  1. Tool steel feature increased amount of carbon and other alloying elements which give them enhanced physical properties, making them the ideal choice for a variety of applications.
  2. Cutting tools, cams, dies, chuck jaws, blocks, gages, and drill bits are just some examples of the many different tools steel applications. Along with many different applications, there are also many different tools steel grades available, including cold-working tools steels that encompass water-hardening tools steels, oil-hardening tools steels, and air-hardening tools steels.
  3. There are high-speed tools steels, hot-working tools steels, and shock-resisting tools steels as well. With so many different choices, it is necessary to be able to identify the correct tools steel for the job. Listed in this article are seven things to consider when selecting a tools steel grade.

Will the tool steel be subjected to large impacts?​

  1. Tool steels are generally hard and brittle. When impacts occur on materials like this, it can cause fractures. Shock-resisting tools steels are a group made to better withstand impact as they have a higher degree of toughness than other tools steels. However, this increased toughness does come with a reduction in hardness and wear resistance compared to other types of tools steels.
  2. Therefore, shock-resisting tools steels should only be used in applications that require the steel to undergo large, sudden impacts. Examples of shock-resisting tools steels are S1, S2, and S5. Shock-resisting tools steels are frequently used in chisels, shears, and hammers.
Tool Steel

Will the tool steel be doing work at high temperatures?​

  1. High temperatures can affect the mechanical properties of steel. This is especially true of tools steels, because many of them have been heat-treated, and reheating them may render that heat-treatment useless.
  2. Hot-work tools steels are a popular option when dealing with high temperature applications because they are less likely to lose their hardness and wear resistance at elevated temperatures. This is because of their relatively high amounts of tungsten and molybdenum. Grades of hot-work tool steels include H12, H13, and H19. They are commonly used for casting dies, extrusion dies, and hot shear knives.

Will the tool steel be used at high speeds?​

  1. Some tools are moved so fast that the energy generated can result in elevated temperatures which can impact the tools steel in two ways. The first concern is that the high temperature will reduce the hardness and wear resistance of the tool. The second concern is that since there are many cycles being run on the tool in such a short time, tool wear can occur very quickly.
  2. For operations such as these, high-speed tool steels should be used. They are made to not only have mechanical properties that withstand elevated temperatures, but also have high wear resistance to prevent tool degradation when exposed to many cycles in a short time frame. Examples of high-speed tools steels include T1, M7, and M42. They are used in drill bits, cutting blades, and pump components.

Is cost a concern?​

For low-budget manufacturing, tools steels with many different expensive alloying elements may not be justifiable. Water-hardening tools steels offer a good compromise of cost and mechanical properties. These grades get most of their enhanced mechanical properties from high amounts of carbon and not from other alloying elements. They are rapidly water quenched to form hard, brittle microstructures that can withstand wear. Examples of water-hardening tools steels are W1, W2, and W3. They are frequently used for low-budget operations that require high wear resistance.

Will the tool steel be performing work at low temperatures?

Cold-work tools steels are ideal for low temperature applications. They consist of air-hardening and oil-hardening tools steels. They do not require as rapid a quench as water-hardening tools steels because of the increased amounts of alloying elements such as chromium, manganese, and molybdenum. This generally makes them more costly than water-hardening tools steels, but with the benefit of enhanced mechanical properties. Examples of these tool steels are D2, O2, and A7. They are used for punches, dies, gages, and many more cold-working applications.

Will it be used for plastic molding?

Plastic molding usually requires the use of a special type of tools steel. This tool steel falls under the Type P family of tools steels. They are generally not used for any other type of tooling applications aside from the manufacture of plastic molds or molds for metals with low melting temperatures. Examples include P2, P3, and P5.

Are there special circumstance considerations?

There are special types of tools steels available for unusual applications. These are usually proprietary. At Metal Supermarkets, we can help you determine the best tools steel to achieve the desired mechanical properties.

]]> https://baowusteelcompany.com/tool-steel.html/feed 0 5 Types Of Carbon Steel Round Tube- whatsapp: +8613256761911 https://baowusteelcompany.com/carbon-steel-round-tube.html https://baowusteelcompany.com/carbon-steel-round-tube.html#respond Tue, 02 Aug 2022 06:59:00 +0000 https://baowusteelcompany.com/?p=14489
Carbon Steel Round Tube

5 Types Of Carbon Steel Round Tube

There are 5 different types of carbon steel round tube that have a variety of different applications which include architectural, furniture and machine parts. Carbon Steel Round Tube are hollow metal cylinders that are measured by its outside diameter and the wall thickness and can be manufactured in the following ways:

Electric Resistance Welding Carbon Steel Round Tube (ERWCSRT)
Cold Drawn Seamless (CDS)
Drawn-Over-Mandrel (DOM)
Hydraulic
Hot Finished Carbon Steel Round Tube

Electric Resistance Welding Carbon Steel Round Tube (ERWCSRT)

  1. Electric Resistance Welding requires cold forming metal coil to form it into round, cylindrical shapes. There are various ways to make the weld, however all welds are made through heating the joint via electrical resistance.
  2. ERW tube is commonly welded using an automated process which results in a low manufacturing cost, and resistance welding typically allows for a high weld quality creating strong joins.
  3. The uses for ERW pipe are wide ranging and include the manufacturing of axels and chassis in the automotive industry, general supports and stands, and internal machine components.
Carbon Steel Round Tube

Cold Drawn Seamless (CDS)

  1. Cold Drawn Seamless round tube is manufactured by piercing hot metal billets to create a tube that is then further rolled to elongate and reduce the diameter. The tubes are then cooled and refined to the required dimensions.
  2. CDS tubing can have tight tolerances so the dimensions are accurate, they can have a thicker wall dimension allowing for a stronger tube and have an excellent aesthetic for the finished product.
  3. CDS tubing can be used where the final product’s aesthetic is important such as roll cages and shafts in the automotive industry. Further uses include high speed/high pressure pumping applications, hydraulic cylinders, and infrastructure columns.

Drawn-Over-Mandrel (DOM)

  1. Drawn-Over-Mandrel tubes are manufactured by cutting metal coil to the required width and cold rolling into a tube shape. The edges are welded together using electric resistance while under pressure to secure the final shape. The tubing can then be cut to the desired length before being drawn over mandrels to reduce the tube diameter and thins the walls to the required specifications.
  2. Drawing the tube over a mandrel improves the strength, hardness and machinability of the tube and allows for very high tolerances and excellent consistency in the final product.
  3. DOM tubing is typically used in hydraulic components including pumps and cylinders and are used extensively in the automotive industry for parts such as dampeners, shock absorbers, seat frames and gas springs.

Hydraulic

  1. Hydraulic round tube is produced to meet the requirements of hydraulic lines and where bending or flaring is required. Hydraulic tube can be manufactured by welding flat rolled metal or by rolling and piecing bar stock, which creates a seamless tube. Both methods require carefully controlled finishing stages, either through normalizing in a controlled atmosphere or through annealing, to meet the hydraulic standards.
  2. Hydraulic tube has a very bright and clean finish which is aesthetically pleasing, the material is chemically controlled to ensure consistency and has a high degree of workability.
  3. Hydraulic tubes are used in any application where fluid is pumped or where bending and flaring is important.

Hot Finished Carbon Steel Round Tube

  1. Hot Finished Carbon Steel Round Tube tubing is manufactured by piercing a solid piece of hot metal as it rotates creating a seamless tube. The tube is then passed through various mills to reduce the diameter and wall thickness.
  2. Hot Finished tubes are versatile and easily machined while being a cost-effective option for metal tubing. Due to the nature of the hot piercing , tolerances are not as tight, and the finish is not as aesthetically pleasing as the other tubing types.
  3. Hot Finished Carbon Steel Round Tube are typically only used where tolerances and finish are not the primary focus or where further machining is planned. Applications include construction equipment such as supports and drilling equipment, machined parts, rolls and pillars.
    Looking for Round Tube for your next project? Metal Supermarkets offers a variety of metal types, and sizes, cut to the size you need.
]]> https://baowusteelcompany.com/carbon-steel-round-tube.html/feed 0 Scaffolding Materials- whatsapp: +8613256761911 https://baowusteelcompany.com/scaffolding-materials.html https://baowusteelcompany.com/scaffolding-materials.html#respond Mon, 01 Aug 2022 04:12:00 +0000 https://baowusteelcompany.com/?p=14460
Scaffolding Materials

Scaffolding Materials

Scaffolding Materials has been used since the beginning of human civilization to enable the construction of tall buildings. It’s been speculated that the ancient pyramids of Egypt themselves were built using scaffolding made from timber.

What is Metal Scaffolding?

  1. It has been speculated that the ancient pyramids of Egypt were themselves built with scaffolding made of wood.
  2. Wooden scaffolding was widely used until 1922. Around this time, metal tubes made of steel began to replace wooden poles.
  3. Today, metal scaffolding has become the norm. Tube scaffolding has been the industry standard since the 1950s. It is lightweight without sacrificing strength. Tube scaffolding is quick and easy to assemble and does not require the use of nuts and bolts. The metal used for scaffolding materials is usually steel or aluminum.
  4. Steel scaffolding material has great strength and durability. It also has a degree of elasticity that helps prevent cracks. Steel can support very heavy loads, and workers can use it to transport heavy equipment and materials. For tall structures, steel is necessary because the weight of the scaffolding itself requires structural strength that only steel can provide.
    For less demanding conditions, aluminum scaffolding can be a viable alternative. By using metal scaffolding, workers are able to safely access high and remote areas. By incorporating diagonal bracing, a very stable structure can be created.
  5. Metal scaffolding structures have three basic elements: standard
    Steps
    Deformation
    Standards are vertical tubes that run the entire length of the structure, keeping it upright. They transfer the weight of the structure to the ground through a square base plate that distributes the load.
    Sills are the horizontal tubes that connect the standards, keeping the structure in place and ensuring stability.
  6. Crossbeams are horizontal tubes that run across and perpendicular to the ledge, providing additional strength to the structure and support for the platforms at each level of the scaffold.
Scaffolding Materials

Metal Scaffolding Applications

  1. Metal scaffolding materials are used during construction, maintenance and repair. Metal scaffolding materials allow workers to access high and remote areas of any building.

  2. Metal scaffolding materials can come in many forms, depending on the project at hand.
    Braced scaffolding is the most common type of scaffolding. It is built from the ground up and can be found on most construction sites. It is the simplest, easiest, safest and most economical scaffolding structure. Additional supports can be added if the structure is very high or very heavy loads need to be transported.

  3. Suspended scaffolding is usually suspended from the roof of a building. This is a good option where a base is not possible or where access requirements are limited to the upper floors and it is impractical to build scaffolding from the ground.

  4. Rolling scaffolding material is similar in construction to supported scaffolding. The difference is that it does not contain a stable base, but uses casters for movement. This provides a good option if work needs to be done over the entire length of a building. When workers or materials are present on the scaffold, the wheels must be locked to ensure the safety of everyone nearby.

  5.  

Metal Scaffolding Materials

Scaffolding materials include:

Tubes
Couplers
Boards or decking
Tubes are normally made from steel or aluminum. The type of steel used is typically hot-rolled steel. In special circumstances where there is a risk from live overhead electric cables, filament-wound tubes of glass fibre in a nylon or polyester matrix can be used.

The main difference between steel and aluminum is the weight: steel is nearly 3x heavier than aluminum.

The metal tubes are held together by couplers. There are three basic varieties: right-angle couplers, putlog couplers and swivel couplers. In addition joint pins (spigots) or sleeve couplers can be used to join tubes end-to-end where necessary.

The floors of the scaffolding structure can be made of wooden boards or decking made from steel or aluminum. Where wooden boards are used, their ends are protected by metal plates known as hoop irons or nail plates.

]]> https://baowusteelcompany.com/scaffolding-materials.html/feed 0 Temperature Designation of Aluminum- whatsapp: +8613256761911 https://baowusteelcompany.com/temperature-designation-of-aluminum.html https://baowusteelcompany.com/temperature-designation-of-aluminum.html#respond Sun, 31 Jul 2022 09:49:28 +0000 https://baowusteelcompany.com/?p=14306
Temperature Designation of Aluminum is one of the most popular methods of altering the mechanical properties of some grades of aluminium

Temperature Designation of Aluminum

Temperature is one of the most common methods to change the mechanical properties of some grades of aluminum. Therefore, it is extremely important to understand the tempering name and its meaning of aluminum, so that it will not lead to fracture and failure due to misunderstanding.

What is aluminum temper designation?

The tempering code of aluminum is a series of letters and numbers, which are used to indicate the type of tempering treatment experienced by aluminum alloys. There is a dash before the tempering code, which is placed after the aluminum alloy code (such as 6061-T6). Knowing what the tempering code of aluminum means is very important for choosing the right material. This is very important, because the chemical composition of one aluminum alloy and another aluminum alloy may be exactly the same, but if the tempering code of the two is different, the mechanical properties of the two alloys will be very different.

What is the temperature designation of aluminum?

  1. There are four main designated types of aluminum tempering. These types are represented by a letter before a number. The name of these four letters is:.
    T: Heat treatment
    H: Stress hardening
    O: Annealing treatment
    F: Made
  2. The tempering name of aluminum is followed by a number. These figures show exactly how the tempering method is carried out. For example, both T5 and T6 are heat treated, but T5 means that the aluminum alloy is cooled from the high-temperature molding process and then artificially aged, while T6 is solution heat treated and then artificially aged. The difference of numbers in the tempering name of aluminum alloy can let the buyer of aluminum alloy know the subtle differences that have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of the alloy.
  3. Although many different numbers can be used, the change of “t” number is probably the most commonly used and needs to be understood. The following is a description of some variants of the “t” assigned number.
    T1: natural aging after high temperature cooling in the forming process
    T2: cooling from high temperature forming process, cold processing, and then natural aging
    T3: solution heat treatment, cold processing, and then natural aging
    T4: natural aging after solution heat treatment
    T5: artificial aging after high temperature cooling of forming process.
    T6: artificial aging after cooling from solution heat treatment.
    T7: excessive aging after solution heat treatment
    T8: solution heat treatment, cold processing, and then artificial aging
    T9: solution heat treatment, artificial aging, and then cold processing
    T10: cooling from high temperature forming process, cold processing, and then artificial aging
  4. For the meaning of the numbers after the tempering name of the letters “O”, “W” and “F”, it is best to obtain a technical data sheet of aluminum alloy to determine the exact meaning of the tempering name.
Temperature Designation of Aluminum​

Some common examples of aluminum alloy temperature and their applications

There are many different tempering names for various aluminum alloys, but some are more common than others, especially in some applications. The following are some of the most popular tempering names of aluminum alloys and their applications.
2024-t4: aircraft structure, fasteners, hardware, wheels, screw machine products
3003-h14: Food and chemical processing equipment, cans, trims, printed boards, pressure vessels and pipelines
5052-H32: aircraft fuel / tubing, fuel tank, transportation, electrical appliances, lighting, wires and rivets
6061-T6: aircraft accessories, camera lens holders, couplings, Marine Corps accessories and hardware, electrical accessories and connectors, decorative or miscellaneous hardware, hinge pins, magneto components, brake pistons, hydraulic pistons, electrical accessories, valves and valve components
6063-T5: pipes, railings, furniture, building profiles, irrigation pipes and transportation
7075-T6: aircraft accessories, gears and shafts, fuse parts, instrument shafts and gears, missile parts, regulating valve parts, worm gears, keys, aircraft, aerospace and national defense applications; Bicycle frame, all terrain vehicle (ATV) sprocket

]]> https://baowusteelcompany.com/temperature-designation-of-aluminum.html/feed 0 Metal Hardness Testing: Methods And Scales- whatsapp: +8613256761911 https://baowusteelcompany.com/metal-hardness.html https://baowusteelcompany.com/metal-hardness.html#respond Sat, 30 Jul 2022 12:25:43 +0000 https://baowusteelcompany.com/?p=14287
Metal Hardness

Metal Hardness Testing: Methods And Scales

Metal hardness is a characteristic of metals, which describes the degree of resistance of materials to local plastic deformation.

It is easy to think that all metals are hard, but there are also some strange metals, such as mercury — which is liquid at room temperature, and even has no hardness value — and sodium metal, which you can cut with a kitchen knife.

There are several different scales and systems to measure metal hardness. In this article, we will make an overall introduction to these measurement systems.

Mohs hardness

  1. Speaking of hardness, most people are familiar with Mohs hardness table. This system determines hardness based on surface wear — scraping one material against another. If material a can scratch material B, then material a is harder than B.
    This hardness table is almost only used for minerals and gemstones, but it can also be used for metals.
  2. Metal hardness (Mohs)
    Sodium 0.5
    Lead 1.5
    Tin 1.5
    Aluminum 2.75
    Copper 3.0
    Bronze 3.0
    Brass 3.0
    Iron 4.0
    Steel 4.0
    Cobalt 5.0
    Titanium 6.0
    Tungsten 7.5
    Tungsten carbide 9.0

Rockwell hardness

Rockwell hardness method compares two indentations on the material. One is done under a small load, and the other is done under a large load.

A unique feature of Rockwell hardness tester is that it has a linear relationship with the tensile strength of materials; Rockwell hardness tester is generally used for hard materials.

Metal hardness (Rockwell)
Sodium-
Lead 5
Tin-
Aluminum 20 – 25
Copper 10
Bronze 42
Brass 55
Iron 86
Steel 60
Cobalt 70
Titanium 80
Tungsten 66
Tungsten carbide 75

Brinell hardness

Brinell hardness tester is a widely accepted method to measure the hardness of materials. It includes pressing a steel ball (or tungsten carbide of hard material) into the test piece with a constant known force. The softer the material, the deeper the steel ball will wear, and vice versa.

The next step is to measure the diameter of the indentation and then calculate, usually in megapascals, to determine the Brinell hardness level.

Typical Brinell hardness values of several commonly used materials and metals are as follows.

Material hardness (Brinell)
Sodium 0.69
Lead 5.0
Tin 62
Aluminum 15
Copper 35
Bronze
Brass
Iron 200-1180
Steel 120
Cobalt 1265
Titanium 716-2700
Tungsten 2000-4000
Diamond 8000

Metal Hardness

Vickers hardness

Vickers hardness tester uses pyramid shaped diamonds based on square to mark the material. Then measure the impression; The size of the impression determines the extent to which it is pushed into the material. Then a formula is applied to determine the hardness of the material.

One advantage here is that the width of a square impression is easier to measure than a circle. This means that you can use the same formula (regardless of the size of the indenter) and the same indenter to measure all material types, which is different from many other methods.

Metal hardness (Vickers)
Sodium
Lead
Tin
Aluminum 160-350
Copper 343-369
Bronze 250
Brass
Iron 608
Steel
Cobalt 1043
Titanium 830-3420
Tungsten 3430-4600
Tungsten carbide 2600

The challenge of measuring metal hardness

Hardness is not an inherent material property.

What does this mean? Unlike the melting point, it can change from one material sample to another. This is especially true for metals like iron, which can appear in many different forms.

Therefore, for the same material, different methods will produce different results. It is not uncommon to see differences in metal hardness values on the Internet; Under these different tests, many metal hardness values are not always published or even unavailable.

We should note that there are some conversion tables that can be used to convert between one hardness scale method and another.

Other outstanding hardness tests not specifically described here include Knoop hardness and shore hardness scales.

]]> https://baowusteelcompany.com/metal-hardness.html/feed 0 What is Oxygen Free Copper?- whatsapp: +8613256761911 https://baowusteelcompany.com/oxygen-free-copper.html https://baowusteelcompany.com/oxygen-free-copper.html#respond Tue, 26 Jul 2022 07:06:00 +0000 https://baowusteelcompany.com/?p=14355
Oxygen Free Copper

What is Oxygen Free Copper?

Oxygen Free Copper C101 is extremely pure copper with very little oxygen content. With a typical oxygen content of less than 0.0005% and a typical copper grade of 99.99%, C101 Copper Without Oxygen is the highest-grade copper available, and the material properties closely resemble that of elemental copper. The target purity is so high that silver is removed as an impurity.

As an ultra-high purity copper product, C101 Copper Without Oxygen has very good electrical and thermal conductivity, has good machinability, and is highly ductile. By reducing the oxygen content to less than 0.0005% these properties are more exaggerated than standard copper products and as such find a variety of highly specialised industrial applications.

What is Oxygen Free Copper used for?

  1. The higher the purity of any copper product, the better the corrosion resistance, the higher the electrical conductivity, and less heat is produced while conducting electricity. As the purest copper product possible, C101 Copper Without Oxygen provides the best results of any copper products.
  2. By removing almost all impurities there are very few interruptions to the metallic structure of the copper, and by removing almost all oxygen there is a significant reduction in oxidation of the metallic copper which can further impede performance.
  3. Due to the higher price that comes with the higher purity product, almost all uses of C101 Copper Without Oxygen are highly specialized. These include:
  4. Superior Audio/Visual Applications – high end audio/visual applications where quality is paramount will utilise copper wiring made from C101 Copper Without Oxygen.
  5. Large industrial transformers – the increased electrical conductivity of C101 Copper Without Oxygen can reduce the diameter of the wiring withing transformers and therefore reduce the amount of copper and the size of the overall installation.
  6. Long life applications – In large or very difficult to replace projects, the longer lifespan of C101 Oxygen Free Copper products can be beneficial.
  7. High vacuum applications – Any scientific requirement to minimize the presence of impurities in a vacuum environment can utilise C101 Copper Without Oxygen to ensure no contamination happens from the copper wiring.
  8. Often more than one of the above applications are found in an installation of C101 Copper Without Oxygen, such as in the largest particle accelerator in the world, the Large Hadron Collider.
Oxygen Free Copper

How is oxygen free copper made?

The processing of C101 Copper Without Oxygen is only different in the final refining stage. The standard high-purity copper is refined under standard atmospheric conditions to further reduce the oxygen content. The final refining process must be carried out in an oxygen free environment.

This can include pouring molten copper into the mold in an oxygen free environment, such as a vacuum or a carefully controlled inert atmosphere. C101 Copper Without Oxygen is the most expensive copper grade on the market due to the additional processing complexity of producing the required product purity.

Looking for copper for your next project? The metal supermarket provides copper in various shapes, which can be cut according to the size you need.

What is the difference between oxygen free copper and pure copper?

  • Copper Without Oxygen: oxygen free copper is made of high-purity cathode copper. The solution is covered with calcined charcoal. The oxygen content produced by smelting and forging under closed conditions is very low. Copper without oxygen has high conductivity, good processing and welding properties, corrosion resistance and low temperature performance. Copper without oxygen is mostly used in audio equipment, vacuum electronic devices, cables and other electrical and electronic applications.
  • Pure copper: copper with high copper content. Generally, pure copper is oxygen-containing copper with a mass concentration of not less than 99.7% and very little impurity quality. Its appearance is dark purple, so it is also called red copper. Pure copper has good conductivity and thermal conductivity, excellent corrosion resistance and excellent weldability. Pure copper is widely used in making conductive and heat conducting equipment; It can be made into semi-finished products and finished products through cold and thermoplastic processing; Used in chemical industry.
]]> https://baowusteelcompany.com/oxygen-free-copper.html/feed 0 Stainless Steel Welding Process- whatsapp: +8613256761911 https://baowusteelcompany.com/welding-process.html https://baowusteelcompany.com/welding-process.html#respond Mon, 25 Jul 2022 10:22:19 +0000 https://baowusteelcompany.com/?p=14005

Welding Process of Stainless Steel

  1. Welding Process of Stainless SteelWelding process. Warped metal, charcoal colored welds, and setbacks; These are some things that may happen when welding stainless steel. Although it contains elements similar to carbon steel, alloy elements such as chromium and molybdenum are added to stainless steel. When two or more pieces of stainless steel are fused instead of carbon steel, it will bring completely different challenges. 
  2. Oxygen around the stainless steel bath must be kept to an absolute minimum. The behavior of the weld pool will be different from that of aluminum or carbon steel. The thermal conductivity of stainless steel is much smaller, which makes deformation and heat input a big problem. Although there are many items to consider when welding stainless steel, one of the most important decisions is what welding process to use.
  3. Next, we discuss the most popular stainless steel welding process.

Metal inert gas (MIG) welding process/ gas metal arc welding process  (GMAW)
  1. MIG welding, or gas metal arc welding, as it is more formally known, is a more popular way to weld stainless steel. There are many similarities between MIG welded stainless steel and welded carbon steel. There is no need to use special drive rollers, and the polarity of electricity is the same. However, the composition of the shielding gas is usually different. When welding stainless steel, a low amount of oxygen is allowed, so the level of O2 or CO2 should be maintained at about 2% or less. 
  2. When MIG welding stainless steel, it is common to use a three mixture shielding gas containing argon, helium, carbon dioxide or oxygen. Since the weld and base metal usually need corrosion resistance, stainless steel welding wire must be used. In addition, in order to prevent cracking, filler wires and base stainless steel should be low-carbon versions, or have stabilizers in them, such as tantalum or niobium. Using pulse welding waveform can also help users to MIG weld stainless steel more successfully.
Welding-Process-of-Stainless-Steel

TIG / GTAW
  1. Argon tungsten arc welding, more formally known as gas argon tungsten arc welding process , is another process often used to weld stainless steel. This process also has similarities when it is used to weld carbon steel and when it is used to weld stainless steel. Both materials require a DC electrode negative (DCEN). 
  2. Generally, argon or helium shielding gas is used for almost 100%. Like MIG welding, TIG welding requires stainless steel filler metal to prevent the production of welds that are prone to corrosion. Stainless steel of low carbon or stable grade shall be used as filler metal, and the base metal shall also be low carbon or stable. When welding stainless steel, deformation may be a major problem. Therefore, when TIG welding stainless steel, it is necessary to maintain fast walking speed and low heat input.

Flux cored wire welding

Generally speaking, the welding process using flux is not suitable for welding stainless steel. In other words, it is possible to weld stainless steel with cored welding process. Special gas mixtures are required. Gas shielded flux cored arc welding is usually a better process choice for welding stainless steel than flux cored arc welding, because it relies less on liquid medicine than the latter process to protect the weld metal from the atmosphere.

Metal clad arc welding

A better alternative to self shielded flux cored arc welding and gas shielded flux cored arc welding process is metal cored arc welding. This is mainly because metal core arc welding does not rely on flux at all. Although there are some kinds of deoxidizers in the metal core of the filling material, most of them are filled with powdered metal to increase deposition. With proper shielding gas and wire feeding system, metal clad arc welding can be used to weld stainless steel with high quality. In most cases, using metal envelope arc welding to produce high-quality stainless steel welds requires pulse waveform or jet transmission arc.

Laser beam welding process  (LBW)

Laser beam welding is often used to connect stainless steel with very fast moving speed and very low heat input. When using laser welding, care must be taken to avoid pores and cracks. Cracks and pores can be avoided by reducing the amount of oxygen through the optimization of shielding gas and welding parameters. Laser beam welding is by no means a manual operation. Therefore, if it is selected as the process of welding stainless steel, automation must be realized.

Other welding processes for stainless steel

The process mentioned above is probably the most common process for welding  process  stainless steel. There are many other, less popular processes in the industry that can be used to weld stainless steel. They include plasma arc welding (PAW), electron beam welding (EBW), shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), friction stir welding (FSW) and resistance welding (RW). This list is not exhaustive. There are many welding processes that can weld stainless steel together and achieve varying degrees of success.

Welding Process of Stainless Steel

Welding-Process-of-Stainless-Steel
]]> https://baowusteelcompany.com/welding-process.html/feed 0 How Is Expanded Metal Made?- whatsapp: +8613256761911 https://baowusteelcompany.com/metal.html https://baowusteelcompany.com/metal.html#respond Sun, 24 Jul 2022 03:13:00 +0000 https://baowusteelcompany.com/?p=14407
Expanded Metal

How Is Expanded Metal Made?

The process for creating expanded metal was first developed and patented in the 1880’s in Hartlepool, UK. Despite technological advancements, the modern process for expanding metal remains similar to the original technique.

What Is Expanded Metal?

  1. Expanding metal is plate or sheet that has been cut and stretched into a mesh. Stretching the metal results in a mesh with diamond-shaped spaces – although many other patterns can be created. Many types of metal can be expanded, including: stainless steel, black steel, bright steel, aluminium and more.

  2. The pattern of the mesh can either be staggered (providing the most open area) or in a straight pattern with all rows and columns aligned. The proportion of open area determines the amount of space for the passage of air, water and light, and will vary according to the intended application of the expanding metal.

Expanded Metal

Benefits of Expanded Metal

There are several benefits to using expanding metal:

  • Cost-effective: A small quantity of metal can be stretched into a large piece.
  • Efficient Process: There is very little waste when manufacturing and processing expanding metal mesh.
  • Good conductor: Because expanding metal is one piece, it can be excellent conductor of electricity, magnetic flux, and heat.
  • Protective reinforcement: Expanding metal meshes can be combined with glass, concrete, and other materials for added strength.
  • High strength: Expanding metals support weight and withstand stress better than woven metals or jointed welds.
  • Low weight: Expanding metals are lighter than traditional metal sheets.
  • Allows circulation: Expanding metal allows air and light to move freely.
  • Acoustic properties: Specially developing meshes can enhance acoustics and provide soundproofing.

How Is Expanded Metal Made?

  • Expanding metal is produced by an expanding machine, which turns solid metal sheets and coils into an expanding metal mesh. The expanding machine is fitted with a knife which determines pattern for the mesh. As the metal is fed through the expanding machine, it is cut and stretched simultaneously using a pressured slitting and stretching process. The slits created by the knife allow the metal to be stretched, which produces uniform holes. To ensure a consistent pattern, the expanding machine is programmed or operated manually as the metal is fed through. The finished expanding metal is then wound into coils or cut into sheets.

  • Depending on the intended application, different thicknesses of metal can be used and different mesh patterns can be chosen. L.W.D (Long Way Diamond) and S.W.D. (Short Way Diamond) are commonly used to indicate the desired length and width of the diamond shaped mesh holes.

Types of Expanded Metal

The most common types of expanding metal are:

  1. Standard expanding metal is extremely versatile and economical. It comes in a variety of gauge and opening sizes. It is often used to provide a rigid, raised, slip-resistant surface. In standard expanding metal the strands and bonds are set at a uniform angle. This provides extra strength and rigidity whilst allowing maximum air circulation.
  2. Flattened expanding metal is produced by cold rolling expanding metal to flatten it. It is chosen when a smooth surface is required. The flattening process generally elongates the length of the sheet by 5%.
  3. Hexagonal expanded metal has hexagonal openings instead of the usual diamond ones. The hexagonal shape gives the metal extra strength while allowing the passage of air, light, heat, sound and liquid. Hexagonal openings are preferred over diamond openings when the metal is heavily expanding.
  4. Architectural expanded metal features the diamond pattern with added architectural features. The result is a design which combines good aesthetics, increased security and privacy, and improved ventilation. It is suitable for functional and decorative purposes, or a combination of the two.
  5. Micro expanded metal features small openings in light gauge metal. The openings can be standard, flattened, hexagonal and square. This type of expanding metal is often used in filters.
]]> https://baowusteelcompany.com/metal.html/feed 0 Aluminum alloy 6061 and 6063- whatsapp: +8613256761911 https://baowusteelcompany.com/aluminum-alloy.html https://baowusteelcompany.com/aluminum-alloy.html#respond Sat, 23 Jul 2022 09:33:00 +0000 https://baowusteelcompany.com/?p=14180
Aluminum alloy

6061 Aluminum Alloy And 6063 Aluminum Alloy

Summary

Aluminum alloy 6061 and 6063 alloy are widely popular materials in the extrusion industry.

The composition and mechanical properties of each alloy are almost the same, with only slight differences in the added elements. Both contain magnesium to increase strength and silicon to reduce melting temperature; The price difference between the two is basically negligible.

Aluminum alloy composition

6061 aluminum alloy has twice the iron content, and usually contains more copper, chromium and silicon than 6063. On average, the aluminum content of the latter can be up to 3.5% higher.

In order to strengthen their wider application, you can heat treat these two materials.

Key attributes

6061 aluminum alloy is an ideal choice for structural applications and construction projects that require high-strength profiles.

These products can have different material hardness grades according to different heat treatment processes. The Brinell hardness table is a standard measurement system for identifying the hardness of materials. The Brinell hardness value of 6061 aluminum alloy is usually 95, while that of 6063 is 73.

Use of 6061 and 6063 aluminum alloy

  1. Both alloys have a wide range of applications, including transportation components, entertainment products, machinery, equipment and consumer durables. Speaking of durable consumer goods, it can include everything from electrical components, pipes, furniture, appliances, railings, pipes, irrigation system pipes, construction projects, construction products, ships and motor vehicles.
  2. However, each of them performs well under specific circumstances.
  3. 6061 aluminum alloy is the preferred material for structural applications such as brackets, frames, entertainment products, trailers, truck beds, and aerospace.
  4. Professionals usually call 6063 aluminum alloy “architectural because it can be soft anodized and has more aesthetic significance in building and building applications.
  5. Is there a project that is exposed to nature? When high strength is not a major factor, this material can be considered. With its excellent corrosion resistance and weather resistance, this alloy is very suitable for window frames, door frames, sign frames and roofs.
  6. 6063 aluminum alloy is often used in tube extrusion because of its high strength. Furniture, shelves, stairs, pipes and decorations all use this alloy. Although 6061 aluminum alloy is the stronger material in most extrusion configurations, 6063 aluminum alloy is the first choice for this special extrusion.
  7. 6061 aluminum alloy round tubes can be used for products that do not necessarily require maximum strength, such as sleeves, couplers, and frames. However, the extrusion of square tubes does prefer 6063 aluminum alloy because it provides an excellent finish and more corrosion resistance.
  8. Both materials are used in structural and decorative applications. Extruded angle steel uses 6061 aluminum to provide excellent strength for structural projects. Architectural decoration projects choose 6063 aluminum because it provides a more attractive surface.
  9. Extruded channel steel uses 6061 aluminum again because it has excellent strength in structural support, while professionals use 6063 aluminum for more gorgeous applications such as decoration.
Aluminum alloy

What have we learned?

  1. In a word, although their compositions are quite similar, the applications of these alloys are very different.
  2. Due to its excellent strength, most professionals prefer to use 6061 aluminum for structural applications and construction projects, which require high-strength profiles with low melting temperature, low thermal conductivity and low thermal capacity.
  3. Compared with 6063-T6 aluminum, 6061-T6 has higher yield strength and fatigue strength. It has good extrudability, machinability and weldability, as well as good corrosion resistance — although its corrosion resistance is not as good as 6063 aluminum.
  4. If the project requires an extruded alloy with excellent corrosion resistance, good surface quality and easy anodization, 6063 aluminum can be selected.
  5. This material has good machinability, weldability, surface quality and corrosion resistance; Compared with 6061 aluminum, it also has superior extrudability. Professionals usually call 6063 aluminum architectural because it is easier to anodize and create attractive color finishes.
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